Brian Jeffrey
Vietnam is poised to reignite its efforts in nuclear energy development following the National Assembly’s recent decision to resume the Ninh Thuan nuclear power project.
This revival prompts an important consideration: what type of technology should Vietnam employ for its nuclear power generation in the future?
Nuclear power is celebrated for its dependability, its ability to deliver consistent energy output, and its low greenhouse gas emissions.
These qualities position nuclear energy as a sustainable option that supports Vietnam’s goal of achieving net-zero emissions by 2050, a commitment made during COP26.
On November 30, the National Assembly approved a resolution during its 8th session, enabling the government to allocate resources for reviving the Ninh Thuan project after an eight-year pause.
The chosen sites for Ninh Thuan 1 and 2 underwent detailed assessments adhering to international standards, confirming their suitability for nuclear power operations in Vietnam.
The Institute of Energy, part of Vietnam’s Ministry of Industry and Trade, provides insights into global nuclear energy advancements:
Generation III+ Light Water Reactors (LWRs): These advanced reactors are currently preferred for new nuclear installations due to their superior safety features and reliability.
Generation IV Reactors: Still in research and development, these reactors aim for better sustainability, enhanced fuel efficiency, and decreased nuclear waste.
Small Modular Reactors (SMRs): Gaining popularity for their adaptability, shorter build times, and appropriateness for smaller energy grids.
The majority of new nuclear power plants being constructed globally are Generation III+ LWRs, which have power outputs ranging from 1,000 to 1,700 MW. Their designs incorporate lessons learned from past incidents like the 2011 Fukushima disaster, featuring advanced safety systems including both passive and active methods, augmented simulation technology, and artificial intelligence for predictive analytics.
Large-Scale Reactors (Generation III+ LWRs):
Advantages: Reliable technology with extensive operational history; High energy density with low carbon emissions; Stable power production that is not influenced by weather conditions.
Challenges: Require significant investments and lengthy construction timelines; Social consensus and waste management remain pressing issues;
Small Modular Reactors (SMRs):
Advantages: Reduced construction time and lower upfront costs; Greater flexibility for site locations due to smaller physical footprint; Better compatibility with renewable energy sources and local energy grids.
Challenges: Limited operating history and ongoing development; Not widely available yet, which could pose challenges for early users;
SMRs, including mobile versions, hold the potential for assisting in energy supply for coastal or isolated regions. However, their experimental nature raises questions regarding their reliability and practicality for commercial use.
Ha Dang Son, Director of the Energy and Green Growth Research Center, advises caution in adopting untested SMR technologies, citing inherent risks associated with nuclear power and the stringent guidelines from international authorities like the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
He states that the procedural demands for both SMR and large-scale nuclear ventures are comparable, suggesting that large reactors represent a more secure and feasible option for Vietnam.
“We should concentrate on large-scale projects utilizing proven technologies,” he recommends, noting that SMRs may become a viable option in 10 to 20 years as their technology evolves.
The Institute of Energy encourages the establishment of a thorough nuclear energy development strategy that considers the prospects of large, small, and ultra-small reactors. It also supports the identification of new potential sites beyond Ninh Thuan, potentially including the substitution of aging coal plants with nuclear units.
As Vietnam reevaluates its nuclear energy approach, the choice between established and novel technologies will profoundly impact the country’s energy framework. Emphasizing safety, established effectiveness, and adaptability to future innovations will be essential for a robust nuclear energy policy.
